Water-glass compound and process of making the same.



106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

STATES BUDOLF EBERHARD, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.

WATER-GLASS COMPOUND AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

No Drawing. Application filed July 9,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDoLF EBERHARD, citizen of Germany, residing atMunich, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inWater-Glass Compounds and Processes of Making the Same; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

It is the object of the present invention to improve the physicalproperties of waterglass in solution and to enhance its chemicalreactivity and liquidity without substantially changing its specificgravity, by chemically reacting on the same in such a way that thecompounds formed remain in solution.

According to my invention the well-known inertness and quick dryingproperties of the waterglass solution are reduced, it is made more fluidwithout disturbing to a substantial extent its degree of concentrationand bi giggmadhgshmgfip iiigs. Its viscosity being thus diminishe it canbe worked and handled much more readily for the various purposes forwhich it is applied. The advantages of these improved properties accruein every branch of industry in which waterglass is employed; inparticular the invention leads to very pronounced beneficial resultswhen a pligiw usewEalbi ndeLand xing agen or colors or am 5.

i 11 carrying out my invention, relatively inute quantities of achromium compoty d, 3 uch as dissolved chr chrmates,

eluding bichroma es. or u I n are 40 added to 1e water ss. algne or m xed, with other compoun s. s of meta-chrggzig' acid may also be uspurpose. is 0 be noted, as an essential characteristic of my invention,that these bodies all react with the waterglass which I neverthelessremains in solution.

As an example of a solution embodying my invention, I give thefollowing: To a solution of one hundred kilograms of waterlass having aspecific gravity of fromm T135 to about 1.29 (equal to from about 18 toabout 33 Baum) I add 70 grams of 5b 'chromate of otass um dissolved inwafir, "Woman of potass um 'may add fifty grams of dissolygd chromic dr'ewatergassor In employing 1908. Serial No. 442,785.

soluble silicate 0 re ed s an adh 've, a binder or a fixmg agent Torcolors or pair 1E1 attain the advantage, among oth-' ers, that becauseof its increased fluidity the paint penetrates much deeper into thesurface to which it is applied, than when employing ordinary waterglass.Thereby a much intenser silicification takes place in time in the paintand between it and the surface to which it is applied, thus enhancingthe durability and resistance to the influences of the weather andclimate. This is mainly due to the fact that although the fluidity ofthe waterglass has been greatly increased the percentage of silicic acidhas not been diminished as contradistinguished from the ordinarywaterglass mixtures in which either the fluidity or the percentage ofsilicic acid has been greatly reduced according to thick or thinsubstances.

Ordinary waterglass when mixed with 1 ments or colors even when theseare comblned with so-called weather resisting additions, is open to theobjection that when it is exposed to the atmosphere the silicic acid israpidly thrown out in the form of a white hard mass, so that the paintor color prepared with it curdles and thickens even after the lapse of aday, so that it is ren- (lei-ed unfitfor use. When, however, it isdesired to remedy this defect under the old methods, the waterglass isdiluted, the percentage of silicic acid reduced, and the bind-- ingpower of the paint is greatly diminished; On the other hand, if under myinvention the waterglass solution is mixed with a comparatively minutequantity of a chromium compound and the whole is then mixed with thesame colors, then the new and verychar:

l j Hummer Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 28, 1909.

acteristic result is obtained, that while the acid. hen employing such apaint mixture the silicification of'the coating is more homogeneous andthe color moreover gains in covering power. By maintaining thiscolloidal form of the silicate for a long time the pigment andwaterglass will remain in intimate mixture for a long time so that adeposit of the color in the receptacle takes place only very slowly. Asa matter of fact, the paint remains in a serviceable fluid condition forseveral days and may be applied and worked with much greater ease thanthe old form of waterglass paint. Moreover, in my new compound thesilicic acid in the waterglass is modified in its properties, in thesense that any direct reaction of the waterglass with many colors orpigments is retarded or even prevented. Since such combinations reducethe fluidity by precipitating out silica and hence interfere with thefacility of spreading or ap lying the paint, this is another signal avantage flowing from this invention.

Although a coating of paint containing the binder according to myinvention hardens more slowly than one employing the old form ofwaterglass solutions, it remains more elastic whereby its durability isincreased.

The changed chemical action of the silicic acid compounds in waterglassprepared with chromium compounds according to my invention is shown alsoby the fact, that the said silicic acid compounds, after being separatedout of the waterglass mass, may again be dissolved by a relatively smallamount of potassium lye in the cold or almost cold way, whereas thesilica deposited from ordinary waterglass on standing is relativelyinsoluble under these conditions.

In employing waterglass prepared with chromium com ounds according to myinvention as a Xing medium for painting, there is obtained in the drypaint a completely transparent vitrification and silicification so thatthe colors show up in all their brightness and luminosity. On usingordinary waterglass on the other hand the silicic acid which is thrownout, renders such paintings more or less cloudy or smoky, as is wellknown.

In some cases the colors or pigments may be directlv combined with thenecessary amount 0 the chromium compounds an then mixed with an ordinarywaterglass solution. Or only a portion of the chromium compounds may beadded to the said colors, whereupon they are mixed with a waterglasssolution having less than the required amount of chromium compound. Inpreparing the chromium waterglass solution the chromium compound mayalso be added to the raw materials used for the manufacture of thewaterglass, instead of adding the same to the waterglass solution.Again, under another modification of my invention the waterglasssolution to which the chromium compound has been added may be evaporatedto dryness and then mixed in a 1 powdered form with the colors suitablymixed. Or a mixture of ordinary waterglass powder with the necessaryquantity of powdered chromium compound is made and then prepared with asolution of caustic alkali to which ordinary waterglass may be added.The color mixture may also be prepared with lime paste for somepurposes.

In using .this new waterglass solution prepared as described for variouspurposes there may be added glutinous substances such as tra acanth.dextrm ch or, n s s. cc ose accor ing to the use 0 which the same is tobe put, for example, when painting on a distemper ground. Thesesubstances may in some cases be added to the colors or pigments.

T his waterglass solution may also be employed with advantage for coatiniron or other metals to protect them a amsfoxida- In this case the soluion may e em- 1' a p oyed ,e ither alone or mixed with suitable colors.

VVaterglass solutions which have been chemically modified by theaddition of minimal quantities of chromium compounds have also provedthemselves valuable in the manufacture of cements, for impregnatingwood, in the manufacture of plastic compounds and artificial stones, forindurating artificial and natural stones, earthen-wares,plaster-of-paris articles, cements and mortars. They may also be used inthe preparation of waterglass mortars, as well as for the coating ofpaper, wall-paper and linen or textiles, in which case the disinfectingand antiseptic properties of the chromium compounds come into play, thesolutions not only penetrating more deeply into the fiber, therebymaking the same more rece tive to color, but also protecting the saidfiber against decay.

This new waterglass compound can also be used to great advantage in themanufacture of paper and cardboard, in the arts of dyeing and bleaching,printing, including wall-paper printing, in wool washing, in themanufacture of soap, in the preservation of casks and barrels and ofeggs, or in the manufacture of matches. It may be employedadvantageously in the manufacture of glazes and enamels for potteryearthenware and porcelain and other articles and also as a fertilizerand as a means for preventing the incrustation of boilers, and, inshort, in all those cases where the ordinary waterglass has heretoforebeen used and where it is desirable to increase the physical andchemical reacting power of the same.

It has been found that the chromated water lass prepared as above s acan with advantage be mixed with salts of bases compounds are, inparticular: com ounds ate of soof tin such as, for example, stann 106.COMPOSITIONS,

COATING R PLASTIC.

dium or of ot sium and other stannates and stanmtes, su 0 tin ssoyg 1nammonia; lead com ounds, e. gflead H Hrate, lead and or peroxid. leadcarbonate, leadacetate; compoun s of manganese. e. g. mananate orermanganate of otass'ium; zinc om ounds, sum. as t e zmcates; a uminum cp com mm s. such as aluminates; also home acid. xahc acid and o. late oiammonium. oreover, may use Ior this purpose [iarvta water. The abovecompounds may be used Either alone or a mixture of several of these maybe emp oye As an example of a chromated waterglass mixed with such asubstance the following is given: 0.5 grams of sodium stannate dissolvedin water isadded to 100 grams of a chrome-saltwaterglass solutionprepared as more. having a density of about 20 Baum. The mixture resultsin a clear solution. Or, I may add to the chrome salt waterglasssolution of about 20 Baum a solution made by dissolving 1 gram offreshly precipitated lead eroxid in a solution of caustic otash, whichalso yields a clear final solution. I he amount of the compounds addedto the chromated waterglass solution varies according to the purpose inview. These compound solutions of waterglass possess the advantage overthe solutions containing only chromium, that they possess a stillgreater reactivity in various respects. For example, in the arts ofdyeing and printing on fabrics an addition of tin compounds to thechromated waterglass solution imparts to the same the properties of anexcellent mor dant. in which both the chromium compound and the tincompound act on the fiber and, moreover, the dyes penetrate more deeplyinto the fiber and are then precipitated, in a better and more intensemanner, through the action of the waterglass. The dyes are therebyrendered faster and the textile materials are heavier and more pliant,that is to say, the solutions act also as finishing agents.

In the painting and coating arts particular advantages flow from theaddition of lead. man anese, zinc or aluminum com- 'i'o'iTnds. of oxalicacid or oxalate 0t ammo-. mum, as we asbog c acid or baryfii water, forthe reason that the combinatio ii'df'w'at glass solutions so prepared tothe colors, renders the coatings or paintings considerably harder andhence more apt to r )ur ose the colors r i ients are mixed ivitl' i achromated water lass gglution to which are added such metal com ounds aswill formgvith the waterg ass mso u e s1licat s f metal oxids. In thisway the silicification is rendered homogeneous throughout the mass byvirtue of the uniform distribution of the particles of silicic acid inthe paint.

hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The process ofincreasing the chemical and physical reactivity and liquidity ofwaterglass solutions which consists in adding relatively minute amountsof chromium comp gpn-sww 2. e process 0 increasing the chemical andphysical reactivity and liquidity of waterglass solutions which consistsin the treatment of a waterglass solution with relatively minute amountsof dissolved chromium compounds and of compounds comprising a heavymetal base soluble in alkali.

3. The process of increasing the chemical and physical reactivity andliquidity of waterglass solutions which comprises the treatment of awaterglass solution with relatively minute amounts of chromium compoundsand of a heavy metal oxid soluble in alkali.

4. As a new compos' of matter, waterglass containing a minute quantityof a chromium compound, said waterglass forming a solution of relativelygreat liquidity and such solution on standing recipitating silica easilysoluble in cold alka i.

5. As a new composition of matter, waterglass containin a minutequantity of chromium compoun together wlth a heavy metal base soluble inalkali, said waterglass forming a solution of relatively great liquidityand such solution on standing recipitating silica easily soluble in coldalka i.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

RUDOLF EBERHARD.

Witnesses:

LOUIS MUELLER, MATHILDE R. HELD.

xamine

